Arc Hydro
Esri's free hydrology framework for ArcGIS Pro — terrain preprocessing and the data model behind many agency workflows.
Utah State's parallel terrain-analysis suite — D-infinity flow modelling and objective stream-network extraction.
by Utah State University
TauDEM (Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models), by David Tarboton at Utah State University, is the research-grade standard for DEM-based hydrology: pit removal, D8 and D-infinity flow models, contributing area, and stream-network delineation with objective drop-analysis thresholds rather than arbitrary ones. Its MPI parallelisation lets it chew through very large DEMs.
The D-infinity method — apportioning flow between neighbours by slope direction — originates here and matters wherever dispersal and wetness patterns count. Interfaces exist for ArcGIS and QGIS, and the CLI slots into scripted pipelines cleanly.
Ranked by the topics, categories and workflow stages they share with TauDEM.
Esri's free hydrology framework for ArcGIS Pro — terrain preprocessing and the data model behind many agency workflows.
Four decades of geospatial engineering — r.watershed and the most battle-tested hydrology modules in GIS.
The global hydrography reference — basins, river networks, lakes and hydro-environmental attributes, free.

The geomorphometry powerhouse — hundreds of terrain and hydrology modules behind a free desktop GIS.

500+ fast geospatial analysis tools with the best DEM hydrology toolkit in open source.
The free, open-source GIS that has become the default spatial platform for water engineers worldwide.